CORE Group: Resources - CCM Essentials Guide

Community Case Management Toolkit

The Community Case Management (CCM) Toolkit is a forum for sharing training materials, program planning tools, job aids, and other resources with fellow CCM practitioners. The Toolkit complements and expands on the guidance provided in CCM Essentials. We hope you find these materials useful as you design new programs or work to overcome challenges encountered in existing projects. Individuals and organizations with experience in CCM are encouraged to submit materiasl for the CCM Toolkit. Please submit new content (as attachments) by email.

Click on the text to expand or contract the folders.

Chapter 1. What is CCM and Why Should It Be Considered?
- Community and Household IMCI Implementation Framework. CORE Group, 2001.
  Diagram available in English, French, and Spanish.
- CORE's IMCI Working Group, Frequently Asked Questions about C-IMCI.
- Marsh DR. CCM Results Framework.
- Marsh DR, Gilroy KE, Van de Weerdt R, Wansi E, Qazi S. Community case management for pneumonia: a tipping point? Bull WHO 2008;86:381-389.
- Building a Results Framework. Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Tips, USAID, 2000 (no. 13).
- Winch PJ, LeBan K, Casazza L, Walker L, Pearcy K. An implementation framework for household and community integrated management of childhood illness. Health Policy and Planning 2002;17(4):345-353.

Chapter 2. Scientific Basis for CCM: What is the Evidence?
- WHO/UNICEF Joint Statements
  - Joint Statement on the Management of Pneumonia in Community Settings.
    WHO and UNICEF, May 2004. Also available in French.
  - Joint Statement on the Clinical Management of Diarrhea.
    WHO and UNICEF, May 2004. Also available in French.
  - Joint Statement on Community-Based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition.
    WHO, UNICEF, WFP, UNSCN and UNICEF, May 2007.
- Resources
  - WHO/CAH. Evidence Base for the Community Management of Pneumonia.
    Meeting Report, June 11-12, 2002, Stockholm, Sweden.
  - WHO, UNICEF, Hib Initiative, and pneumoADIP. Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia (GAPP). Report of an informal consultation, March 5-7, 2007, La Mainaz, Gex, France.
  - WHO and UNICEF. Handbook: IMCI Management of Childhood Illness. 2005 edition. Includes IMCI charts and forms. Also available in French.
  - Winch P, Gilroy K, Wolfheim C, Starbuck ES, Young M, Walker L, Black R. Intervention models for the management of children with signs of pneumonia or malaria by Community Health Workers. Health Policy and Planning Jul 2005;20(4):199-212.
  - Hill Z, Kirkwood B, Edmond K. Family and community practices that promote child survival, growth and development: A review of the evidence. WHO, 2004.

Chapter 3. Conducting a Situational Analysis
- Situational Assessment Tools from Save the Children
- Health Facility Assessment Tools
  - Rapid Health Facility Assessment (2006) CSTS+/USAID. Includes a module for assessing outreach activities including CHW efforts. Check the CSTS R-HFA page for updates.

Chapter 4. Creating an Enabling Environment
- Boggs MK, Bradley PM, Storti CZ. Communication for Immunization Campaigns for Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination: A Guide to Mobilizing Demand and Increasing Coverage. Save the Children and UNICEF: Saving Newborn Lives, 2006.
- Technical Reference Materials from CSTS+/USAID
  - Capacity Building (2006)
  - Health Systems Strengthening (2005)

Chapter 5. Selecting and Adapting Treatment Guidelines
- Treatment Guidelines for Community-Based Providers
  - Guidelines for New Diarrhea Treatment Protocols for Community-Based Healthcare Workers, USAID/MOST Project, 2005. Also available in Spanish.
  - Malaria: A manual for community health workers, WHO, 1996.
  - Rosales A, Weinhauer K. C-IMCI Handbook: Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Catholic Relief Services, 2003. Focuses on C-IMCI Element 2: Community Case Management. See also C-IMCI Supplemental Flowchart Diagrams.
  - Integrated Management of Childhood Illness: Training materials for CHWs in India, including provision of ORS for diarrhea and antibiotics for pneumonia. WHO, UNICEF, and CARE.
- Facility/Clinical IMCI Materials
  - Handbook: IMCI Management of Childhood Illness. WHO and UNICEF, 2005 edition. Includes IMCI charts and forms. Also available in French.
  - IMCI Adaptation Guide, WHO and UNICEF, 2002
    - Part 1-A. The Adaptation Process
    - Part 1-B. Procedures for Adapting the Charts and Modules
    - Part 2-C. Technical Basis for Adapting the Clinical Guidelines, Feeding Recommendations, and Local Terms
    - Part 3-D. Protocol for Adapting the Feeding Recommendations
    - Part 3-E. Protocol for Identifying and Validating Local Terms
    - Part 3-F. Protocol for Designing and Pretesting an Adapted Mother's Card
    - Part 4-H. Modifying the Generic Chart Booklet: Using Microsoft Publisher(R)
- Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria: Training Materials
  - How to Use a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT): A Guide for Training at a Village and Community Level
    Quality Assurance Project (QAP) and WHO, 2006.
  - Generic Malaria P. falciparum RDT Result.
  - How To Do the Rapid Test for Malaria. Generic job aid.
  - Malaria P. falciparum Rapid Diagnostic Tests. Quiz for testing ability to read RDT results.
  - Malaria P. falciparum RDT Test. Interpretation of quiz results.
- Job Aids
  - Case Management Checklist. CARE Kenya, Siaya Child Survival Project (1997-2001).
  - Assess, Classify and Identify Treatment of a Child with Cough or Difficult Breathing, Diarrhoea or Undernutrition. WHO, UNICEF, CARE, undated.
  - (Facility) IMCI Chart and Sick Child Recording Forms. WHO and UNICEF, undated.
  - CHW Register for Non-Literate Workers> International Rescue Committee, Sudan.
  - Edward-Raj A, Phiri RK. Assessing the Functionality of Job Aids in Supporting the Performance of IMCI Providers in Zambia. Operations Research Results 2(8). Published by the Quality Assurance Project (QAP) for USAID, 2002.
- Technical Reference Materials from CSTS+/USAID
  - IMCI (2007)
  - Malaria (2006)
  - Pneumonia (2005)
  - Diarrheal Disease (2007)

Chapter 6. Management of Medicines and Supplies
- Technical Reference Materials from CSTS+/USAID
  - Management of Projects and Supplies (2007)
- Community Drug Management for Childhood Illness (CDMCI):
  Assessment Tools from MSH/RPM+
  - Nachbar N, Briggs J, Aupont O, et al. Community Drug Management for Childhood Illness: Assessment Manual. MSH/RPM+ for USAID, 2003. Also available in French and Spanish.
  - Briggs J, Nachbar N, Aupont O. Community Drug Management for Childhood Illness: Senegal Assessment, September 2002. MSH/RPM+ for USAID, 2003.
  - Kiyombo M, Bukasa G, Briggs J, et al. Gestion des médicaments des maladies de l'enfant au niveau communautaire en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa, Survey report on community-level management of medicines for childhood illnesses in the DRC. MSH/RPM+ for USAID, 2007.
  - Paredes P, Guevara J, Thumm M, Briggs J. Evaluación de la Disponibilidad y Uso de Medicamentos para Enfermedades de la Infancia a Nivel de la Comunidad: Peru, 2003. MSH/RPM+ for USAID, 2004.
  - Drug Management for Childhood Illness, MSH/RPM+, 2000. For facility-level assessments. Assessment Manual and Data Collector's Guide.
- Training Materials
  - Module de Formation des Agents de Sante Communautaires (ASC) en Gestion de Stock de Médicaments - Guide du Formateur et Guide du Stagiaire (draft). In French, a facilitator and participant manual for training CHWs in Senegal to manage medicine stocks. MSH/RPM+, 2003.
- Job Aids
  - CHW Medication Order Form, MSH/RMP+
  - Daily Medication Distribution Ledger, MSH/RPM+
  - CHW Stock Card, MSH/RPM+
- Procurement
  - UNICEF Supply Catalogue

Chapter 7. Supporting Caregiver Behaviors
- Program Design
  - Guidelines for Developing Home-Based Reminder Materials: Helping Families Save Sick Children
    Project HOPE, AED/CHANGE Project, Manoff Group, 2004.
  - Surviving Malaria Decision Guide. CORE Group, Malaria Working Group, 2003.
    A programming tool for promoting appropriate case management of malaria in infants and young children. Also available in French.
  - Technical Reference Materials from CSTS+/USAID
    - Behavior Change Interventions (2007)
    - Nutrition (2007)
- Job Aids
  - An Illustrated Guide to Improve Family and Community Practices
    WHO South East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) and UNICEF, undated.

Chapter 8. Community-Based Referral Systems for CCM Programs
- Program Design
  - Guidelines for Developing Home-Based Reminder Materials: Helping Families Save Sick Children
    Project HOPE, 2004
  - Partnership Defined Quality, Save the Children, 2003.
  - Winch P, Gilroy K, Wolfheim C, Starbuck ES, Young M, Walker L, Black R. Intervention models for the management of children with signs of pneumonia or malaria by community health workers. Health Policy and Planning 2005;20(4):199-212.
  - Management of Sick Children by Commuity Health Workers: Intervention Models and Programme Examples, WHO and UNICEF, 2006.
- Assessments
  - Rapid Health Service Provision Assessment (R-HSPA)
    Child Survival Technical Support Team Plus (CSTS+),MACRO International
  - A Study of Referral Non-Compliance in the ARI Strengthening Program. JSI Nepal, 1997.
- Training Materials
  - Facilitator's Guide for Training Emergency Transport Committees in Case of Obstetrical Complications. Catholic Relief Services, 2004.
- Job Aids
  - Nota de Referencia. Referral form (in Spanish). Save the Children Bolivia, undated.

Chapter 9. Establishing Community-Based Providers
- Program Design
  - The Care Group Difference: A Guide to Mobilizing Community-Based Volunteer Health Educators. World Relief, 2004.
  - Why Women: Some Reasons Why Women Make Good Community Providers, International Rescue Committee, 2006.
  - Community Health Worker Incentives and Disincentives: How They Affect Motivation, Retention, and Sustainability, BASICS/USAID, 2001.
- Job Aids
  - CHW Contract. International Rescue Committee.
  - CHW Register for Non-Literate Workers. International Rescue Committee, Sudan.

Chapter 10. Training Community Health Workers
- Rosales A, Weinhauer K. C-IMCI Handbook: Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Catholic Relief Services, 2003. Focuses on C-IMCI Element 2: Community Case Management. See also C-IMCI Supplemental Flowchart Diagrams.
- Integrated Management of Childhood Illness: Training materials for CHWs in India, including provision of ORS for diarrhea and antibiotics for pneumonia. WHO, UNICEF, and CARE.
- Malaria: A manual for community health workers. WHO, 1996.
- Nepal ARI Trainers Guide. JSI and Nepal MOH, undated.
- Neonatal IMCI: Capacity Building Course for Community Agents and Midwives. Facilitator's guide. PAHO, 2005.
- IMCI Complementary Course on HIV/AIDS. WHO/CAH and UNICEF, 2007. Training materials for facility-level staff; not intended for CHWs. Content provided as a resource for possible adaptation at country level.

Chapter 11. Supportive Supervision and Quality Assurance
- Program Design
  - Activities to Motivate CHWs and Reduce Attrition. Catholic Relief Services, Mbeere Child Survival Project: Detailed Implementation Plan, 2003.
  - Technical Reference Materials from CSTS+/USAID
    - Quality Assurance (2007)
- Job Aids
  - Sick Child Recording Form with Supervision Checklist, for use during follow-up home visit to child treated by CHW. CARE Kenya, Siaya Child Survival Project (1997-2001).
  - CHW Supervision Register. Supervisors use form to record process data (e.g. number patients, number home visits) from CHW registers. CARE Kenya, Siaya Child Survival Project (1997-2001).

Chapter 12. Community Management of CCM Programs

Chapter 13. Monitoring and Evaluation of CCM Programs
- Compendium of Child Survival Monitoring and Evaluation Tools, MEASURE Evaluation.
- Sample monitoring framework with illlustrative indicators and sources. From Chapter 13.
- Monitoring & Evaluation (2007), Technical Reference Materials from CSTS+/USAID
- Knowledge, Practice, Coverage (KPC) Survey Tools
  Child Survival Technical Support Team (CSTS+) / MACRO International, 2000-present.
  - Sick Child Module, 2000.
  - ARI Module, 2000.
  - Malaria Module, 2008.
  - Diarrhea Module, 2005.
- Job Aids
  - Sick Child Recording Form with Supervision Checklist, for use during follow-up home visit to child treated by CHW. CARE Kenya, Siaya Child Survival Project (1997-2001).
  - CHW Supervision Register. Supervisors use form to record process data (e.g. number patients, number home visits) from CHW registers. CARE Kenya, Siaya Child Survival Project (1997-2001).

Chapter 14. Scaling Up CCM
- Scaling Up HMM: Research to Implementation, WHO, 2004.

Chapter 15. Sustainability of CCM Efforts
- Technical Reference Materials from CSTS+/USAID
  - Sustainability (2006)

Annexes and Miscellaneous Resources

Comments, questions, suggestions, or corrections?
Please email us.